1. Routers
Connect different networks and forward data packets between them.

2. Switches
Connect multiple devices within a single network (a Local Area Network or LAN).

3. Hubs
A simple, less sophisticated device that connects multiple devices in a network.

4. Bridges
Connect two different network segments.

5. Repeaters
An electronic device that amplifies or regenerates a signal to extend its transmission range.

6. Modems
A device that modulates an analog "carrier" signal to encode digital information and demodulates the signal to decode the transmitted information.

7. Gateways
A gateway acts as a "gate" between two networks that may use different protocols.

8. Network Interface Cards (NICs)
A hardware component that allows a computer or other device to connect to a network.

9. Firewalls
A security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

10. Wireless Access Points (WAPs)
Allow Wi-Fi-enabled devices to connect to a wired network.

11. Load Balancers
Manages the flow of information between servers and endpoint devices.

12. Brouters
A now-largely-obsolete device that combined the functions of a bridge and a router.